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Saturday, July 28, 2012

Between a Lion and a Hard Place


Hello everyone,

As you can tell by the title of this post, Victoria and I were extremely lucky this week. Monday morning, we received an emergency call from the Hoedspruit Endangered Species Center regarding two adolescent male lions that had escaped from their enclosure. The lions had actually torn a hole through the fence into the buffer zone between the HESC and the Kapama game reserve. The buffer area was also next to the public area. The situation was so critical because the lions could tear a hole in the fence again, either escaping to Kapama or the public area. Victoria and I were beyond excited. Not only were we going on a high-profile rescue mission, but we were  also going to get to touch (and likely treat) lions! After today, I will have touched Africa’s Big Five: Lions, Leopards, Buffalo, Rhino, and Elephant. The only member of the Big Five I will have left to treat, however, is the Elephant, and we actually have one scheduled for late next week. Few students working with Dr. Rogers are so lucky as to treat the Big Five in such a short period of time, so I feel very fortunate!

When we arrived at HESC, we all hopped in the back of a pick-up truck and drove to the area in which we believed the lions to be, where we met up with the founder and owner of HESC, Lente Roode. I had heard about her during my initial tour of the HESC a few weeks ago, and now I was going to meet her! I felt so honored to meet the woman who had reversed the dismal fate of the cheetah population. We decided on a plan of action for the day: Victoria, Janelle, and I would join the eleven HESC student interns and two staff members in one vehicle, and Dr. Rogers and Cristo (the head animal curator) went into the pickup. These lions were very shy, and if we were sitting in the back of the pick-up, then we might scare them away. In fact, while we were still discussing our plan of action, the lions appeared close to us, on the top of a large rock! We were all so excited that we all started making noise and taking pictures. This, of course, scared them away immediately. I could tell Janelle was pissed. We spent the next nine hours trying to find the lions again.

After searching for two hours with no luck, we all started to get frustrated. We decided to stop looking for the lions for a while and work on something else that HESC needed done: moving eleven African Wild Dogs from one enclosure to another. African Wild Dogs are stunning to look at. They are about the same size as a German Sheppard, but have large round ears. Their coat is a complicated splattering of black, white, and beige. (Click here to see for yourself.) The African Wild Dog is also critically endangered because farmers detest them for stealing livestock. To Africans, the Wild Dog is a pest, so it is a battle to save them.

African Wild Dogs have a very interesting social structure, which is the real reason why we needed to move them. A pack of Wild Dogs has an alpha male and an alpha female, which are the only two dogs in the entire pack that are allowed to breed. When the alpha female becomes pregnant, she secretes pheromones that cause the other female dogs to start lactating. The alpha female will have up to 12 puppies and allocate their care to the subordinate females. If a subordinate female becomes pregnant, she has violated a grave rule, and the pack will eat her puppies. In the case of the HESC Wild Dogs, one of the subordinate females had become pregnant while in quarantine, so she was in a separate enclosure with her puppies. Her enclosure was right next to the pack’s current enclosure, so we needed to move the pack to that they would stop harassing the new mother.

We darted four dogs at a time, using the tranquilizers Ketamine and Medetomidine in the dart. Victoria, Janelle, and I traveled in the back of the truck with the dogs to monitor their breathing. It felt incredible to touch such a beautiful animal. When we reached the new enclosure, we injected each dog with the Dectomax (dewormer), Lentrax (long-acting antibiotic to prevent an abscess from the dart), and Rabisin (rabies vaccine). To reverse the Medetomidine, we injected Yohimbin to reverse the Medetomidine. The Ketamine wore off independently. For the dogs that did not wake up after a few minutes, we also injected Antisedan, another reversal for the Medetomidine. All of the dogs woke up well from the anesthetic and seemed to enjoy exploring their new enclosure.

Throughout the day, we kept taking breaks from the Wild Dogs to look for the lions in the buffer zone. Each time was unsuccessful. Late in the day, we decided to try something new: we would tie a dead warthog to the back of our vehicle and drive around to attract the lions. It was a great idea—if we could get the lions to come out of the bush, then Dr. Rogers could dart them. However, I suddenly realized the significance of what we were about to do. We were going to attract lions to our car. At this point, the ranger driving the car said to all of us, “You ride in this vehicle at your own risk. There is another vehicle over there if you would rather move. There is a large chance that a lion will jump out of the bush and attack our car to get the meat.” Holy shitake mushrooms—this was the real deal. Victoria and I decided to stay in the car. This is why we came to Africa.

As we drove slowly around the buffer zone, I could feel my heart pounding in my chest. What was that book called that my mom got me for Christmas? Oh yeah, Whatever You Do, Don’t Run. I recalled the lessons I learned from the book and made a mental plan just in case I encountered a lion. If the lion stays outside of the car, stay as quiet as possible. If the car somehow tips over and you come face to face with a lion, then act as intimidating as possible by waving your arms and making a lot of noise. If the lion attacks, curl up in a little ball to minimize the damage.

Nothing happened. We did not even attract the lions. We needed a new plan. We decided to spread the warthog’s organs around the hole in the fence and tie the warthog to a tree inside of the lion’s previous enclosure. Maybe, just maybe, the lions would go in by themselves? We unloaded the hog and drove around the buffer zone one more time. All of the sudden, everyone started making urgent shushing sounds. Right ahead of us were two lions, staring at us. They were sitting where we had spread the warthog’s organs. We approached the lions in the vehicle quietly. Dr. Rogers aimed the dart gun. When we got a little bit closer, we stopped the vehicle. The lion was still staring straight at us. Dr. Rogers fired the dart and we were all hopeful for a split second that we would catch at least one of the lions tonight. However, the dart missed by a few centimeters, and the lions dashed into the bush, not to be seen for the rest of the night.

We looked until 7:00 p.m. At this point, we decided that we would need to come back tomorrow. I had worked for 11 hours straight (having arrived at the clinic at 8:00 a.m.) and was exhausted. I could not wait to hit my bed, eat a huge dinner, and call Jack to tell him about my experience.

The next morning, we left the practice at 8:00 a.m. It was a much simpler operation since the HESC students were not there. Having the HESC students with us yesterday was a great chance for them to gain some valuable veterinary practical experience, especially since most of the time their work revolves around animal care like cleaning and preparing food. However, having so many people (11 students) also meant that Victoria and I each got less practical experience. For example, Janelle let a vet student in the HESC group do some of the injections, and the HESC students carried the dogs when they had to be moved. However, Victoria and I could not help but feel a bit excited that we were the only students that would work on the lions. We certainly felt a little guilty that we felt this way, but the excitement certainly overpowered the feeling that we were being selfish.

Because the lions were so shy, Dr. Rogers decided it would be best if he and Cristo went to look for the lions, and Janelle, Victoria, and I would come once the lions had been darted. Dr. Rogers and Cristo hung the warthog carcass on the fence inside of the buffer area to attract the lions out of the bush. After a few hours, Dr. Rogers actually found and darted the first lion! We met up with Dr. Rogers and drove to the lion. The lion was lying on the ground underneath the warthog carcass. Janelle got out of the pickup, put a catheter in the lion’s leg, and administered Lentrax (long-acting antibiotic) subcutaneously.

Suspecting that the other lion might be curious enough to investigate his darted friend, Dr. Rogers decided to hide in the bush to try to ambush the other lion. We left Dr. Rogers hidden in a bush and waited for his call. I was a little worried—if the lion became angry when he was darted, he could charge Dr. Rogers. He had never before tried to ambush an animal like this.

According to Dr. Rogers, the other lion came to investigate the darted lion and then picked up Dr. Rogers’s scent. The adolescent male was very curious and walked right towards Dr. Rogers! When Dr. Rogers darted him, the lion actually became frightened and ran away. He fell a few yards away from his friend. Dr. Rogers phoned us to come and move the lion. When I approached this lion on foot, I was blown away by his size. He weighed approximately 150 kg (330 lbs) and would be about 250 kg (550 lbs) when he was fully grown. His paw alone was twice as large as my hand! The short hair on his body was very soft, yet the mane was coarse. It took seven of us to lift him onto to back of the truck (and we barely made it). The lion was so large that he took up the entire length of the bed. I cannot imagine what it would have been like if the lion was fully-grown.

After Janelle inserted a catheter and administered Lentrax, we brought the lion to the hole in the fence and carefully carried the lion through (yes, the hole was that big), placed him under the shade, and quickly returned to retrieve the other lion. After both lions were properly situated, we injected both lions with Dectomax (dewormer), a rabies vaccine, Yohimbin (reversal), Antisedan (reversal), and Acuphase. Acuphase is a long-acting sedative we administered to keep the lions quiet for the next couple of days while they readjust to their enclosure. After the maintenance crew with us fixed the hole in the fence, we were on our way!

Victoria and I could not have been happier about the past two days. We had touched and injected Wild Dogs and Lions, spent hours out in the sunshine enjoying the bush, and added several new drugs to our knowledge. Spending so much time with these animals was truly a blessing and rare occurrence. To work with a vet so generous as to allow us to have an active role in treating these animals is more than I could have ever wished for. He could have told us to stay back and simply watch during our time in South Africa, but he truly values our education. He wants us to have as much diverse practical experience as possible. After five weeks in South Africa, I have handled, restrained, or treated Lion, Buffalo, Leopard, Rhino, Elephant, Hippo, African Wild Dog, Nyala, Tsessebe, Duiker, Warthog, Vervet Monkey, Cat, Dog, Goat, Cattle, Chicken, Horse, Brown-Headed Parrot, White-Headed Vulture, and Brown Snake Eagle. I cannot wait to see what happens next.

Until next time, 
Aria
(Injecting the rabies vaccination.)


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